I am basing my opinion of education, and how "the government" is generally not failing lower income students, on my firsthand experiences in a fairly diverse district. Unfortunately none of your linked articles are likely to ever change my mind. Parenting and the home environment play such an overshadowing role in education that no reasonable amount of funding or government control is ever going to overcome it in other than very few cases.
My kids went to the highest performing elementary school in the district. Enough funding, good teachers, low numbers of minority students, and generally pretty comfortable incomes for a lot of the families. They got a great education, the same one all the other students received. Yet they were still at the top of their classes while generally those at the bottom were the kids with family problems, lower incomes, non-english speaking household, etc.
This phenomena became even more noticeable as they moved into middle school and high school. More noticeable because the schools got much more diverse. White kids were not the majority for my son beginning in the sixth grade and continuing until his senior year. He went to the same schools with the same amount of funding as these other kids (who you claim the system failed) yet he got an excellent education while many didn't. The opportunity to get that education was there for every single student. This discussion has so very little to do with funding and segregation it is laughable.
You know why desegregation appears to work? Because there are just enough good students, with good parenting and good home conditions, to drag the averages up. Sure there are exceptions to the rule, those kids who overcome their circumstance and those who don't live up to it but don't make the mistake of thinking this is any failure of our government or funding. Those lower performing elementarys that my kids didn't go to, had juat as good of teachers who actually worked harder and for the most part, those schools received a disproportionately higher amount of funding.
IMO it is as simple as, you can lead a horse to water but you can't make him drink. You can post all the stats you want and it won't mean diddly. Some kids will flourish and some will flounder and it's got so very little to do with funding or segregation or our government.